JUMONVILLE, Pa. — What happened here 266 years ago had repercussions so profound they changed the course of world history abruptly and irreversibly. A disputed moment occurred that led to the French and Indian War, the first true world war that would drag on for seven years, draw blood on five continents and have costs that would directly lead to a colonial uprising.
It was the first domino in a line of events that ultimately led to the formation of the United States.
After months of closure due to the coronavirus pandemic, Jumonville Glen, a picturesque and primitive ravine that is part of the Fort Necessity National Park, is finally fully open.
It was on this ground where the fate of the world was consecrated by the actions of Mingo chief Tanacharison, who was serving as a scout for George Washington, then just a young, ambitious lieutenant colonel for the crown who would mature into a combat veteran.
In his journal account, Washington wrote that the French went for their weapons upon seeing him and his men advance toward them in the thicket, prompting his soldiers to fire in defense.
The French saw it differently. They claimed they had no idea there were any British soldiers until they were fired upon. Because the countries were not at war with each other, the French asserted that what Washington and his soldiers did was nothing short of murder.
Washington vehemently disagreed, arguing that the French were hiding in the woods for days in the same remote place instead of letting their position be known, essentially behaving in a military capacity. In short, Washington argued he and his soldiers were in danger of an ambush and had no choice but to defend themselves and their camp.
One thing both sides agreed upon was that the slightly wounded commander of the French party, Joseph Coulon de Villiers, Sieur de Jumonville, was dead, scalped and killed by Tanacharison after the battle.
Within weeks, Washington and his men were forced into battle below Chestnut Ridge at a fort they appropriately named Fort Necessity. The colonial army swiftly fell to the French and their native allies, led by Jumonville’s half-brother Louis Coulon de Villiers. In the surrender negotiations that de Villiers penned in French, a language Washington did not know, Washington signed a statement essentially affirming he and
his soldiers had murdered Jumonville, a statement the French eventually used to justify war.
Brian Reedy, chief interpretation officer for Fort Necessity National Park, said a decent amount of the country will point to the Boston Tea Party as the impetus of the American Revolution. But the story truly begins here, said Reedy: “Where we stand had international ramifications. It led to the war where nearly a million would lose their lives, touched every continent except Australia and Antarctica, and it changed the world. Britain was the new superpower, and to support that empire and pay down the debts, it had to tax its colonists.”
It was here a 22-year-old Washington changed the course of human events.
“A lot of the lessons that Washington learned at Fort Necessity he carried with him until he ultimately became the commander of the Colonial Army,” said Stephen Clark, superintendent of the National Parks of Western Pennsylvania. “Fort Necessity National Battlefield and Jumonville Glen are certainly sacred, hallowed ground. They are battles that oftentimes are overlooked by historians and the American people.”
Clark said none of the assets at the battlefield, the home of Albert Gallatin or the ridge where the first shots of the French and Indian War were fired have been touched by vandals, nor has there been a rallying cry for their removal.
Reedy said no one in history is perfect. Washington was a slave owner even at 22, and the treatment of the Mingo Indians has also faced scrutiny. But if people do not know all of the sides of what happened, if they don’t interact with it, look at it and examine it, flaws and all, erasing its physical existence does not erase what happened.
If we continue in this lust of erasing history, as unpleasant and brutal as parts of it are, we’ll never know if the enemy of my enemy is my friend, or if we’ve become our own worst enemy.
Salena Zito is a CNN political analyst, and a staff reporter and columnist for the Washington Examiner.
